Nutrition Evolve Case Studies Practice Test

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• What is the suspected cause of Rhonda's tooth erosion?
• The calcium RDA for this gentleman is 1200 mg/day. Which statement is true?
• Which of Janel's medications is a folate-antagonist and may impact her need for folic acid?
• How much protein is recommended for Mr. Tonolli?
• Based on Aaron's diet history, which food group is most lacking?
• A sore tongue in a vegan person is most likely due to deficiency of which nutrient?
• To reduce the potential carcinogenicity of cookies and pie eaten between meals, which strategy is best?
• What nutritional concerns are common in celiac disease, and how should intake be managed?
• What is the differential diagnosis for Rhonda's sore tongue?
• Based on the nutrient content of the identified food group, which nutrient may be inadequate in his diet?
• Which of the following foods would NOT be highlighted as contributing to increased caries risk?
• In a hospitalized patient with severe infection, which marker would be useful to monitor to guide nutrition therapy and assess metabolic stress?
• What is the calcium RDA for this gentleman?
• What should you do to address Janel's 20 lb. weight loss?
• Monica's BMI range?
• Which term describes the process of a capable patient understanding information and choosing to decline treatment?
• The U.S. Pattern recommends how many cups of dairy for Janel per day?
• Which statement best describes Rhonda's fruit intake, BMI, and dental erosion?
• A vegan diet excludes which category of foods?
• Which nutrient deficiency could result in anemia in Nu Mom's diet?
• How much grain is recommended for Mr. Beetis at a 2000 cal level?
• Which is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis?
• What is most important to do at today's appointment?
• Which is the best course of action for the dental hygienist to take after reviewing the medical history and diet history?
• What is the approximate daily iodine requirement during pregnancy?
• Which factor is least likely to contribute to Nu mom's caries risk?
• What is the first essential step when a patient refuses nutrition support and has decision-making capacity?
• What does informed refusal entail?
• Marcus tells you that he is lactose intolerant. Each recommendation would ensure adequate consumption of calcium and vitamin D, except one. Which is the exception?
• Which statement accurately describes Monica's diet?
• Which metrics are commonly tracked to monitor glycemic control and nutritional adequacy in diabetes dietary management?
• If a diet lacks fruit, which vitamin is most likely inadequate?
• What is a realistic short-term goal to reduce Monte's caries risk?
• What type of exercise is most effective for improving bone density?
• Best initial recommendation when sore tongue may reflect deficiency?
• You will not have time in your office to give the patient all the nutrition education he needs. If you could choose one overall goal for change, what would be the most important area to address with Mr. D Beetis at this time to reduce his caries risk?
• If the daily recommended dairy c-eq is 3 and Aaron's intake is 3, what percent of the recommendation does he meet?
• Missing food group identified above suggests which nutrient may be inadequate?
• The group with the highest need for calcium who are therefore at a greater risk for inadequate intakes are:
• Which of the following is NOT a differential diagnosis for the lesion at the corner of Mr. Tonolli's mouth?
• What is Marcus's recommended protein intake for a 2400-calorie pattern in ounce-equivalents?
• Which of the following factors influences enteral formula selection regarding tolerance and disease state?
• What is the primary dietary framework recommended for overall health and bone health in adults?
• Which action is NOT appropriate when a patient with capacity refuses nutrition?
• How would you best summarize Aaron's caries risk profile?
• The RDA of calcium for Aaron is:
• Which factors influence calcium absorption besides total calcium intake?
• Given his social situation, what may be the best recommendation to improve dietary intake?
• Among Monte's snacks, which would be the least cariogenic?
• Describe the rationale for micronutrient supplementation in older adults with reduced appetite?
• Nutrients that are commonly supplemented during pregnancy according to Nu Mom's case include:
• Which of the following is a valid differential diagnosis for Rhonda's sore tongue?
• What are the calcium and vitamin D recommendations for postmenopausal women and why?
• One overall goal for change to reduce caries risk?
• Which of the following statements about the 2000-calorie pattern is true for Mr. Beetis?
• How many cup-equivalents of fruit did Marcus consume according to his diet history?
• Vegans are at risk for all nutrient deficiencies except which?
• What is the recommended daily folate intake during preconception and early pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects?
• Rhonda's sore tongue may be explained by deficiencies of several nutrients. Which of the following is NOT a likely deficiency contributing to a sore tongue?
• Which micronutrients are commonly of concern in vegetarian or vegan diets, and how can they be addressed?
• Which description best represents the laboratory pattern and nutritional approach for iron-deficiency anemia?
• Which statement about Rhonda's diet and health is supported by the information?
• Which food group is missing from Mr. Tonolli's diet history?
• Why is iodine particularly important in pregnancy and what are good dietary sources?
• Which ethical principle is most directly invoked when a patient declines nutrition support?
• Which Vitamin D fortification statement is true about the foods Marcus consumed?
• Which foods place Aaron most at risk for new dental caries, given his poor control of plaque biofilm?
• Which recommendation would help to reduce Mr. D Beetis' caries risk?
• Which of the following describes nutritional considerations common in inflammatory bowel disease?
• Low calcium intake during pregnancy places Nu Mom at risk for:
• During lactation, how do energy and protein needs change?
• Monica's protein oz-eq?
• Which question might you ask this patient to explore the sore mouth?
• For a hospitalized patient with severe infection, how would you set initial energy and protein targets?
• Which recommendation might you make to Aaron to reduce his caries risk?
• A low intake of protein may impact all, except one. Which is the exception?
• Nu's diet is low in all of the following nutrients, Except one. Which is the Exception?
• What does oz-eq stand for in dietary measurements?
• Smoking increases Marcus's requirement for which nutrient?
• Which practice is NOT considered an essential postoperative nutrition target after bariatric surgery?
• In which BMI category is Janel?
• What is the role of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular health and what is a typical target intake?
• Which action demonstrates respect for autonomy when capacity is present?
• Which snack increases caries risk?
• Good food sources of calcium and vitamin D include which of the following?
• What are the key nutrition recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding and beyond the first six months?
• What is a practical per-meal protein target range to optimize muscle protein synthesis for most adults?
• According to Monte's diet history, how many cup-equivalents of dairy did he consume?
• Looking at the intraoral photography, which finding suggests the soda is having an impact on his oral health?
• In addition to increasing calcium intake to stabilize her osteoporosis, what other nutrient does Ms. B.N. Loss need to increase to maintain her bone health?
• Which nutrients are most commonly supplemented during pregnancy?
• In inflammatory bowel disease, fat-soluble vitamins are at risk of deficiency due to fat malabsorption. Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
• Which could put Monica at highest risk for new caries?
• According to the U.S. Pattern, how much dairy should Monte have daily?
• Which food group is a primary source of Vitamin C?
• When counseling Marcus about reducing his caries risk, which might be the most realistic short-term goal for him?
• Which action is the most important focus in a brief counseling session to reduce caries risk for this patient?
• How many cup-equivalents per day of fortified soy products were advised?
• How would you interpret a lipid panel showing high triglycerides and low HDL, and what dietary strategies would you propose?
• What protein intake range is recommended for older adults to help prevent sarcopenia?
• Xerostomia is best described as what?
• Which nutrient deficiency is a concern for vegan diets?
• Increasing intake of which food group would most directly address the potential inadequacy identified earlier?
• Which scenario best supports the principle of autonomy in refusing nutrition?
• In diabetes management, why is tracking waist circumference alongside weight important?
• Which statement best reflects a nutritional deficiency that could impair healing in older adults?
• Which dietary factor would most affect healing after periodontal therapy?
• Which finding would indicate erosion on the lingual surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth?
• Which daily dairy intake corresponds to the U.S. Dietary Pattern standard?
• Nutrients that most often need to be supplemented during pregnancy include:
• Of the foods that Marcus ate and drank, which is commonly fortified with Vitamin D?
• What are the primary risk factors and laboratory indicators of iron deficiency in premenopausal women?
• When selecting an enteral formula for a patient with minimal fat tolerance but adequate protein and calories, which factors matter?
• Which statement best describes the effect of low protein intake on Marcus's health, according to the assessment?
• Describe the plate method for meal planning and its impact on portion control.
• Which food group also provides protein?
• What is refeeding syndrome, who is at risk, and how can it be mitigated?
• Which nutrient's requirement is increased by smoking in this case?
• In evaluating a 24-hour dietary recall showing energy intake well below estimated needs, which bias should be considered?
• Based on Aaron's BMI, he is in ____ range.
• Rhonda's dairy consumption is associated with which outcome in terms of bone health?
• How many oz-eq of protein did Janel consume?
• Monte's BMI is in which range?
• Following bariatric surgery, which micronutrients are commonly supplemented?
• What is a recommended nutritional approach for a patient with liver cirrhosis and ascites?
• What are the folate and iron considerations during pregnancy, and why are they important?
• The daily protein allowance is expressed in which unit?
• Why might protein intake be moderated in liver cirrhosis with ascites?
• Which suggestion is least likely to help Janel consume a nutrient-dense diet, given her sore mouth?
• Marcus's diet appears to be inadequate in which nutrient, potentially affecting healing after surgery?
• When a patient refuses nutrition, what type of counseling should be offered?
• Which nutrient enhances non-heme iron absorption?
• How does vitamin C influence non-heme iron absorption, and how should meals be composed to optimize iron status?
• Which is the recommended calcium intake for Marcus?
• How does alcohol contribute to daily energy intake, and what considerations should be made in nutrition planning?
• Not reduce decalcification of incipient caries?
• Which factor is most directly linked to the lingual erosion observed in this patient?
• Which food group is missing from Monte's dietary intake?
• After a patient declines nutrition, which is an appropriate component of ongoing support?
• In cancer cachexia, which nutrition approach is recommended?
• What is the best response to the question 'Are there any dietary supplements or foods that will help cure gum disease?'
• Which nutrient's need may be impacted by methotrexate therapy?
• Ms. B.N. Loss needs to be referred for follow-up on which of the following conditions?
• What is the recommended sodium target for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
• Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral nutrition when which condition is met?
• What is essential when counseling a patient starting a vegan diet to prevent micronutrient deficiencies?
• Based on Mr. Beetis' BMI, he is:
• Which beverage has the highest cariogenic potential in this scenario?
• Which nutrient typically found in fruit is needed for optimal oral health?
• When reviewing the diet history of a patient with osteoporosis, which aspects are often inadequate?
• The recommended Dietary Allowance for calcium for Ms. B.N. Loss is:
• Explain the role of leucine in muscle protein synthesis and its practical implications for meal protein distribution.
• When family disagrees with a patient who has capacity and refuses nutrition, ethically you should...
• Which foods in Nu's diet are most cariogenic?
• Which laboratory finding is typically reduced in iron-deficiency anemia?
• Which statement best describes how malnutrition risk is assessed using a common screening tool?
• Which food group is missing from Nu Mom's diet?
• The recommended Dietary Allowance of calcium for Nu Mom is:
• Which statement best reflects the plate method’s role in portion control?
• Why is hydration emphasized after bariatric surgery?
• How should pediatric weight management be approached when addressing obesity in children?
• Which statement best explains why dietary calcium and vitamin D are emphasized for postmenopausal bone health?
• Which strategy helps optimize protein distribution in older adults?
• After a patient with capacity refuses nutrition, what should you do to ensure their choice is respected?
• Which foods in the diet history provide Vitamin D?
• Which revelation in the nutrition assessment could impact his ability to heal after nonsurgical periodontal therapy?
• Which of the following best describes the overall dietary risk profile based on the case?
• Which nutrient is essential for calcium absorption and bone health?
• Which of the following is a recommended daily calcium intake for adults at risk of osteoporosis?
• In interpreting a 24-hour dietary recall showing energy intake approximately 30% below estimated needs in an adult with a normal BMI, which steps are most appropriate?
• In the absence of capacity, which approach supports patient-centered decision-making?
• Which statement about seafood intake in dietary guidelines is true?
• What is essential in the dietary management of celiac disease to improve bone health and absorption?
• The factor that most affects caries risk is:
• Rhonda's BMI is in which range?
• Prolonged excessive intake of folic acid may mask which nutrient deficiency?
• How many c-eq of dairy does Aaron consume per day, and what is the U.S. Pattern's recommended daily amount for dairy c-eq?
• Which food group is the primary source of calcium in Nu Mom's diet?
• Which nutrient is found primarily in foods of animal origin?
• Dietary Guidelines recommend seafood meals at which interval?
• When is nutrition support in the ICU indicated, and what are typical energy and protein targets?
• Which approach would be least effective in raising the salivary pH?
• The term 'c-eq' stands for which of the following?
• Besides calcium, which factor most directly supports bone health?
• Which could Nu do to reduce her caries risk?
• How many cups of dairy would Mr. Tonolli need to meet the U.S.-Pattern recommendation?
• Which omega-3 fatty acids are typically highlighted for cardiovascular benefits?
• According to the U.S. pattern, Mr. D Beetis would benefit from an increase in dairy of:
• How should dietary calcium be planned for someone with lactose intolerance?
• How do energy and nutrient needs change during lactation compared with pregnancy?
• Monte has significantly exceeded the number of servings recommended for which food group?
• Janel's dairy intake of 1 ½ cups represents what fraction of the daily dairy recommendation of 3 cups?
• Which signs are common in vitamin B12 deficiency, and which populations are most at risk?
• If a patient who refused nutrition regains capacity, what should you do?
• Monica's diet contained how many oz-eq of protein?
• Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for dental caries in this patient?
• The UL of calcium for Mr Beetis is:
• What is a key indication for parenteral nutrition, and what are common risks?
• Which food in Nu's diet history might be a source of folic acid?
• If a patient lacks decision-making capacity, what is an appropriate action?
• Ms. B.N. Loss' BMI is in the _____ range.
• Which is the best source of Vitamin C in Marcus's diet?
• Which of the following is a reasonable nutrition counseling goal when time is limited for a patient with dental caries risk and diabetes?
• Given the diet history and excess intake of the food group identified in Question 9, each nutrient is likely to be in excess, except one. Which is the exception?
• Which change would directly address excessive protein intake?
• What is the most likely cause of the lesions causing his sore mouth?
• For a 2000-calorie pattern, which daily target for grains is recommended?
• What are key nutritional considerations in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
• In Nu Mom's dairy intake, which statement is true?
• Sore tongue is associated with which deficiency?
• How would you manage hypokalemia in a patient taking diuretics who has low dietary potassium intake?
• How much dairy did Janel consume?
• What is the typical daily fluid requirement for a non-ill adult (in mL/kg/day)?
• To improve overall diet quality, which food group should be encouraged if missing?
• Which daily intake is specifically recommended at 1000 mg per day for Marcus?
• Which statement best describes the role of capacity assessment in honoring a refusal of nutrition?
• How many servings of the Fruit group did Rhonda consume?
• Each approach might be suggested to Mr. Beetis to reduce the cariogenicity of his snacks. Which suggestion would be the least effective in raising the salivary pH?
• According to the U.S. Pattern for 2000 cal, which dietary modification would most benefit Mr. Beetis?
• Nu Mom's low intake from the milk group during pregnancy places her at risk for:
• What is the standard daily protein requirement for a healthy non-ill adult, and how many grams would a 65 kg person need?
• Using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation, estimate the energy requirement for a 30-year-old, 165 cm tall, 60 kg female with a sedentary lifestyle.
• All but one of the following strategies for changing Mr. D Beetis' diet to reduce his caries risk might be acceptable for him. Which is the exception?